Which of the following is not considered an effective way to control chipmunks?

Fumigating chipmunks' burrows is not deemed an effective control method for several important reasons. This approach can be hazardous both to the environment and to non-target species, including pets and beneficial wildlife. Fumigants can provide a temporary solution but are rarely successful in completely eradicating the problem because chipmunks may simply relocate to other areas. Furthermore, there are regulations and safety considerations regarding the use of fumigants, particularly in residential and urban settings.

In contrast, exclusion is a highly effective method as it involves sealing entry points that chipmunks might use to access buildings or gardens. This helps prevent them from entering areas where they can cause damage or become a nuisance. Trapping is another commonly used control method, allowing for the humane capture of these animals, which can then be relocated. Shooting may also be employed in some circumstances, particularly in rural settings, but typically requires adherence to local regulations regarding wildlife management. Each of these methods has its place, but fumigation lacks the efficacy and safety of the others in managing chipmunk populations.